MORLET’S WAVELET ANALYSIS ON EL NIÑO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) AND THE INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE (IOD) FOR 84 YEARS: 1940-2023
DOI:
10.29303/ipr.v7i3.363Issue:
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024)Keywords:
El Niño Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, Wavelet Analysis, IOD-Like, IndonesiaArticles
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Abstract
As is known, the impact caused by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can reach extreme levels, especially rainfall in Indonesia. So, updating information on events and cycles of these phenomena is essential. Using Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data spanning the previous 84 years (1940–2023) from ERA5, we examined Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTA), which serve as a predictive tool for ENSO and IOD events. Apart from that, in this research, SSTA variance analysis was also carried out using Wavelet. The analysis results show several Positive IOD-Like events (1943, 1944, 1977, 1996) and Negative IOD-Like (1985, 1992, 2016). Apart from that, the results of this research also show that El Niño in 2002/03 coincided with Negative IOD in 2002. The results of Wavelet analysis show that the SSTA DMI variance experienced increased activity in the periods 1940-1968, 1969-1991, and 1992-2023. The Wavelet analysis also shows that ENSO activity increased in 1970-2000 and decreased again in 2000-2023.
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Author Biographies
Suhadi Suhadi, Physics Study Program, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia.
Jamiatul Khairunnisa Putri, Physics Study Program, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia.
Iskhaq Iskandar, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia
Supari Supari, Indonesia Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Indonesia
Muhammad Irfan, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia
Melly Ariska, Physics Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
Hamdi Akhsan, Physics Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
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