Publication Ethics

Indonesian Physical Review (IPR) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram. This statement describes the ethical responsibilities of authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher and is based on the principles and best-practice guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Ethical Guideline for Journal Publication. The publication of an article in a peer-reviewed journal of IPR is an essential building block in the development of a coherent and respected network of knowledge. It is a direct reflection of the quality of the work of the authors and the institutions that support them. Peer-reviewed articles support and embody the scientific method. It is therefore important to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing: the author, the journal editor, the peer reviewer, the publisher and the society.

Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram as publisher of IPR takes its duties of guardianship over all stages of publishing seriously and we recognize our ethical behavior and other responsibilities. We are committed to ensuring that advertising, reprint or other commercial revenue has no impact or influence on editorial decisions. In addition, the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram and Editorial Board will assist in communications with other journals and/or publishers where this is useful and necessary.

Publication decisions. The editor of the Indonesian Physical Review is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editors may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editors may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.

Fair play. The editor at any time evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.

Confidentiality. The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest. Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the express written consent of the author.

Duties of Reviewers

Contribution to Editorial Decisions. Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper.

Promptness. Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.

Confidentiality. Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.

Standards of Objectivity. Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.

Acknowledgement of Sources. Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

Duties of Authors

Reporting standards. Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behaviour and are unacceptable.

Data Access and Retention. Authors are asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data (consistent with the ALPSP-STM Statement on Data and Databases), if practicable, and should in any event be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication.

Originality and Plagiarism. The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.

Multiple, Redundant or Concurrent Publication. An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable.

Acknowledgement of Sources. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

Authorship of the Paper. Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest. All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.

Fundamental errors in published works. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author's obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

Use of Artificial Intelligence and AI-Assisted Technologies

Indonesian Physical Review recognises that artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies may support manuscript preparation, research workflows, and certain administrative editorial activities. These technologies must be used responsibly, transparently, and under meaningful human oversight. They must not replace the authors’ scholarly judgment, the reviewers’ independent assessment, or the editors’ decision-making responsibilities.

Use of AI by Authors

Authors must disclose the use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies when such tools have contributed substantially to the preparation of the manuscript, including the generation or revision of text, code, data analysis, images, figures, or other research content.

Routine use of tools for spelling, grammar, formatting, or minor language correction does not normally require disclosure, provided that the tools do not generate or substantially alter the intellectual or scientific content of the manuscript.

When disclosure is required, authors should include a section titled “Declaration of AI Use” before the References or in another declaration section specified by the journal. The declaration should identify:

• The name of the tool used;
• The purpose for which it was used; and
• The extent of its contribution to the manuscript

Authorship and Accountability

AI tools cannot be listed as authors, co-authors, or contributors because they cannot take responsibility for the integrity of the work, approve the final manuscript, or respond to questions concerning its accuracy.

Authors remain fully responsible for all content submitted to the journal, including content produced or modified with the assistance of AI. Authors must verify the accuracy of facts, calculations, equations, code, references, and other AI-assisted output. AI-generated output must not be cited as an authoritative or primary source.

Authors must ensure that the use of AI does not result in fabricated data, results, references, or interpretations and does not infringe copyright, confidentiality, privacy, or other ethical requirements.

Data, Images, Figures, and Code

AI-assisted tools must not be used to fabricate or misrepresent research data, experimental results, statistical findings, images, or figures.

Where AI-assisted tools are used for substantive image processing, data analysis, or code development, their use must be disclosed and the methods must be described sufficiently to allow evaluation and, where applicable, reproducibility. Image enhancement must not obscure, remove, introduce, or alter scientifically relevant information.

Use of AI by Editors and Reviewers

Editors and reviewers must protect the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts. Manuscript content, personal data, unpublished results, or other confidential information must not be uploaded to publicly accessible or unapproved AI systems.

AI-assisted tools may be used for limited administrative support, language assistance, metadata checking, similarity or research-integrity screening, or other non-decisional tasks, provided that confidentiality and data protection are maintained and the output is reviewed by a responsible human editor.

AI tools must not make editorial decisions or replace the independent judgment of editors and reviewers. Editors and reviewers remain accountable for their assessments, recommendations, and decisions.

Handling Undisclosed or Inappropriate AI Use

Failure to disclose substantial AI use, or the inappropriate use of AI, will be evaluated by the editorial team on a case-by-case basis. Depending on the nature and seriousness of the issue, the journal may request clarification, disclosure, correction, or revision.

Cases involving fabricated data, references, results, images, or other serious breaches of publication ethics may be handled in accordance with the journal’s procedures for research misconduct, corrections, or retractions.

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Lily Maysari Angraini Ms, S.Si., M.Si.

Editor-in-Chief,

Indonesian Physical Review