PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BASALTIC ROCKS FROM THE BREUEH VOLCANIC FORMATION, BREUEH ISLAND, INDONESIA
DOI:
10.29303/ipr.v9i3.644Downloads
Abstract
The Breueh Volcanic Formation on Breueh Island, Aceh Besar District, is part of the outer arc volcanic zone related to subduction between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. In addition, the volcanic rocks exposed on Breueh Island provide important geological information for understanding the volcanic history, tectonic processes, and magmatic evolution in the outer arc region of Aceh. This study aims to determine the rock classification using optical petrography, and to evaluate its possible relationship to the regional tectonic setting. Petrographic analysis was performed on three basaltic rock samples collected from outcrops in the east–southeast area of the formation. Thin sections were examined under a polarizing microscope at Geological Engineering Laboratory Syiah Kuala University, and modal mineral percentages were quantified using the point-counting method with JMicroVision software. The analyzed rocks display massive to amygdaloidal textures, with amygdales filled by zeolite and celadonite. Petrographic observations show that the rocks are dominated by plagioclase (40.17–43%), pyroxene (3.58–20.17%), and opaque minerals (1–2.92%) as major constituents, with minor alkali feldspar (<6.5%), minor quartz (<2.33%), and olivine (~0.5%). Based on the IUGS/Streckeisen classification, all samples are classified as basalt. The occurrence of zeolite and celadonite indicates low-temperature hydrothermal alteration. The dominance of mafic minerals is consistent with basaltic magma typical of subduction-related volcanic settings. Overall, the petrographic characteristics suggest that the basaltic rocks are consistent with magma generated in a subduction-related outer arc volcanic environment.
Keywords:
Breueh Volcanic Formation Basalt Petrographic Subduction ZoneReferences
[1] R. W. J. D. Bennet, D. McC. Bridge, N. R. Cameron, A. Djunuddin, S. A. Ghazali, D. H. Jeffery, W. Kartawa, W. Keats, N. M. S. Rock, S. J. Thomson, “Geologic map of the Banda Aceh Quadrangle, Sumatra,” 1981.
[2] C. Babaoğlu, G. Topuz, A. Okay, S. Köksal, J.-M. Wang, and F. Toksoy-Köksal, “Middle Permian basic and acidic volcanism in the Istanbul zone (NW Turkey): evidence for post-variscan extensional magmatism,” Int. Geol. Rev., vol. 65, pp. 3435–3452, 2023.
[3] P. Martins, C. L. B. Toledo, A. Silva, F. Chemale, J. Santos, and L. M. De Assis, “Neoarchean magmatism in the southeastern Amazonian Craton, Brazil: Petrography, geochemistry and tectonic significance of basalts from the Carajás Basin,” Precambrian Res., vol. 302, pp. 340–357, 2017.
[4] S. Moradi, E. Christiansen, S. Jiang, and M. R. Ghorbani, “Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Cenozoic mafic volcanic rocks in the Kahak area of central Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc, Iran,” J. Asian Earth Sci., 2022.
[5] W. Bryan, “Systematics of modal phenocryst assemblages in submarine basalts: Petrologic implications,” Contrib. to Mineral. Petrol., vol. 83, pp. 62–74, 1983.
[6] Xinhua et al., “Distribution and gas-bearing properties of Permian igneous rocks in Sichuan Basin, SW China,” Pet. Explor. Dev., 2019.
[7] D. Sartika et al., “Petrographic study of rocks in The Julu Rayeu Formation and the Center of the Geureundong Volcanic in Nisam District, North Aceh District, Aceh Province,” J. Aceh Phys. Soc., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–7, 2023.
[8] D. Gunarsih, C. A. Sary, A. Muhni, L. F. Rahmatillah, and D. Sartika, “DIAGENETIC STUDY BASED ON PETROGRAPHY: IMPLICATIONS FOR SANDSTONE POROSITY OF THE PEUNASU FORMATION, PULAU NASI, ACEH,” Indones. Phys. Rev., vol. 8, no. 1 SE-Articles, pp. 133–149, Dec. 2024.
[9] D. Sartika, R. Gunawan, A. Muhni, and F. Adrian, “Petrogenesis of igneous rock in Siron Krueng Area, Kuta Cot Glie District, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province,” J. Aceh Phys. Soc., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 8–16, 2022.
[10] R. W. L. Maitre, A. Streckeisen, B. Zanettin, M. J. L. Bas, B. Bonin, and P. Bateman, Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms: Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
[11] A. K. Hady and G. I. Marliyani, “Updated Segmentation Model of the Aceh Segment of the Great Sumatran Fault System in Northern Sumatra , Indonesia,” vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 84–100, 2020.
[12] A. Peccerillo and S. R. Taylor, “Geochemistry of eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey,” Contrib. to Mineral. Petrol., vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 63–81, 1976.
[13] W. Hamilton, “Tectonics of the Indonesian region,” 1979. doi: 10.3133/pp1078.
[14] S. Schmidt, A. Süssenberger, and K. Wemmer, “Posteruptive Thermal History of the Proterozoic Basaltic North Shore Volcanic Group of the Midcontinent Rift: Evidence from K/Ar Data of Celadonite,” Lithosphere, vol. 2021, 2021.
[15] A. Macente, K. Dobson, J. MacDonald, F. Wadsworth, and J. Vasseur, “The Evolution of Paleo-Porosity in Basalts: Reversing Pore-Filling Mechanisms Using X-Ray Computed Tomography,” Transp. Porous Media, vol. 145, pp. 697–717, 2022.
[16] B. G. Titon, E. G. Vasconcellos, L. A. Valore, Í. A. Dias, and A. Bahniuk, “Mineralogical and physicochemical constraints on the hydrothermalism of volcanic rocks in the Paraná Igneous Province, northwestern Paraná state, Brazil,” J. South Am. Earth Sci., 2021.
[17] Y. Sun et al., “Hydrothermal alteration and corresponding reservoir significance of the Permian Emeishan basaltic lavas, west Sichuan, China,” Aust. J. Earth Sci., vol. 70, pp. 393–410, 2022.
[18] A. Lewis et al., “Effects of mineralogy, chemistry and physical properties of basalts on carbon capture potential and plant-nutrient element release via enhanced weathering,” Appl. Geochemistry, vol. 132, p. 105023, 2021.
[19] A. D. Iltireh and Y. Kadıoğlu, “Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer Studies and Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Plagioclase in Basaltic Rocks from the Asal–Ghoubbet Area, Republic of Djibouti,” Minerals, 2024.
[20] E. García-Romero and M. Suárez, “The alteration of Miraflores Basalt (Panama): Mineralogical and textural evolution,” Appl. Clay Sci., vol. 205, p. 106036, 2021.
[21] C. Antoine, R. Spikings, D. Miletić, J. Marsh, S. Gaynor, and U. Schaltegger, “40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Drakensberg continental flood basalts: Understanding large argon isotopic variations in mafic groundmass and plagioclase size fractions,” Chem. Geol., 2022.
[22] H. Wondem, M. Teferi, M. Jothimani, and D. Wondem, “Mantle dynamics and petrogenesis of Gomer basalts in the Northwestern Ethiopia: A geochemical perspective,” Open Geosci., vol. 17, 2025.
[23] J. A. Katili, “Volcanism and plate tectonics in the Indonesian island arcs,” Tectonophysics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 165–188, 1975.
[24] A. J. Barber, M. J. Crow, J. Milsom, and G. S. of London, Sumatra: Geology, Resources and Tectonic Evolution. Geological Society, 2005.
[25] J. Park, H. Lim, B. Myeong, and Y. Jang, “Hydrothermal mineralization of celadonite: Hybridized fluid–basalt interaction in Janggi, Korea,” Am. Mineral., vol. 107, pp. 1149–1163, 2021.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Indonesian Physical Review Journal, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence (CC BY SA-4.0). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Indonesian Physical Review Journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
