Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Open Access
Peer Reviewed

IDENTIFICATION OF SEAWATER INTRUSION DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS USING 2D ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY (ERT) DATA IN SEMARANG, INDONESIA

Authors

Eko Minarto , Amanda Rizky Utami , Lina Handayani , Yayat Sudrajat

DOI:

10.29303/ipr.v8i2.461

Downloads

Received: Jan 11, 2025
Accepted: May 20, 2025
Published: May 21, 2025

Abstract

Various environmental problems exist in the northern coast area of Semarang, Indonesia, including land subsidence, tidal flooding, increased chloride content in several monitoring wells, and salinity in resident wells. These issues indicate a decrease in groundwater quality caused by seawater intrusion. Sanitary and health issues have a significant impact on many environmental issues, including decreased soil fertility and building damage. The problem of seawater intrusion can be identified by the geoelectric resistivity method (multi-electrode dipole-dipole configuration). The aim of this research is to detect the presence of seawater intrusion in groundwater zones and determine the extent of its distribution to the mainland. Data collection was carried out along the western canal flood. The data obtained distribution of subsurface apparent resistivity values. Interpretation of the 2D cross-sectional model identified as a seawater intrusion zone with low resistivity (𜌠< 3 Ω m) ranging from 0-2.600 m. Thick in the northward with a depth of 30-60 m and becomes thin in the south at 2.600 m. At a trajectory 2.600-7.000 m low resistivity is still found in a local spot. The result of the 2D cross-section model inversion shows very good result. Predicted data is quite close to the observed data shown by an average small RMS 2.37% - 4.11%. And shown by a fast convergence curve. The coastal area of Semarang is also found to be made up of five layers: alluvial soft clay, silt clay, sandy clay, granule sand, and coarse sand. These results fit with the well log data around the research area. Estimates of the distribution of seawater intrusion in more detail to the mainland need to be further investigated using other geophysical methods and testing of monitoring wells or resident wells around the research area for more accurate results.

Keywords:

subsidence, tidal flooding, geoelectric, apparent resistivity, inversion

References

W. Lo, S. N. Purnomo, D. Sarah, S. Aghnia, and P. Hardini, “Groundwater Modelling in Urban Development to Achieve Sustainability of Groundwater Resources: A Case Study of Semarang City, Indonesia,†Water, vol. 13, no. 10, p. 1395, May 2021.

S. Widada, B. Rochaddi, C. A. Suryono, and I. Irwani, “Intrusi Air Laut di Pesisir Tugu Kota Semarang Berdasarkan Resistiviti dan Hidrokimia,†J. Kel. Trop., vol. 21, no. 2, p. 75, Dec. 2018.

M. Perumal, S. Sekar, and P. C. S. Carvalho, “Global Investigations of Seawater Intrusion (SWI) in Coastal Groundwaters in the Last Two Decades (2000–2020): A Bibliometric Analysis,†Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 3, p. 1266, Feb. 2024.

N. Alfarrah and K. Walraevens, “Groundwater Overexploitation and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions,†Water, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 143, Feb. 2018.

S. Das, P. K. Maity, and R. Das, “Remedial Measures for Saline Water Ingression in Coastal Aquifers of South West Bengal in India,†MOJES, vol. 3, no. 1, Jan. 2018.

J. Mas-Pla, G. Ghiglieri, and G. Uras, “Seawater intrusion and coastal groundwater resources management. Examples from two Mediterranean regions: Catalonia and Sardinia,†Contributions to Science, no. 10, pp. 171–184, 2014.

S. Badaruddin, A. D. Werner, and L. K. Morgan, “Characteristics of active seawater intrusion,†Journal of Hydrology, vol. 551, pp. 632–647, Aug. 2017.

I. R. Suhelmi and H. Prihatno, “Model Spasial Dinamik Genangan Akibat Kenaikan Muka Air Laut Di Pesisir Semarang (Spatial Dynamic Model of Inundated area due to Sea Level rise at Semarang coastal Area),†Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, vol. 21, no. 1, Art. no. 1, May 2014.

D. Sarah, L. M. Hutasoit, R. M. Delinom, and I. A. Sadisun, “Natural Compaction of Semarang-Demak Alluvial Plain and Its Relationship to the Present Land Subsidence,†Indonesian J. Geosci., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 273–289, Oct. 2020.

D. D. Wardhana, H. Harjono, and S. Sudaryanto, “Struktur Bawah Permukaan Kota Semarang Berdasarkan Data Gayaberat,†Riset Geologi dan Pertambangan - Geology and Mining Research, vol. 24, no. 1, Art. no. 1, May 2014.

B. Rochaddi and I. Pratikto, “Deliniasi Batas Biogeofisik Wilayah Daratan Pesisir,†ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 23–30, 2006.

S. Khumaedi, “Geophysical And Hydrochemical Approach For Seawater Intrusion In North Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia,†Geomate, vol. 12, no. 31, Mar. 2017.

A. T. Ahmed and B. Askri, “Seawater Intrusion Impacts on the Water Quality of the Groundwater on the Northwest Coast of Oman,†Water Environment Research, vol. 88, no. 8, pp. 732–740, 2016.

A. Yuliyanti, D. Sarah, and E. Soebowo, “Pengaruh Lempung Ekspansif Terhadap Potensi Amblesan Tanah Di Daerah Semarang,†J.Ris.Geo.Tam, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 91, Nov. 2012.

R. E. Thanden, “Peta geologi lembar Magelang dan Semarang, Jawa : Geological map of the Magelang and Semarang sheets, Jawa.â€

S. Sankaran, S. Sonkamble, K. Krishnakumar, and N. C. Mondal, “Integrated approach for demarcating subsurface pollution and saline water intrusion zones in SIPCOT area: a case study from Cuddalore in Southern India,†Environ Monit Assess, vol. 184, no. 8, pp. 5121–5138, Aug. 2012.

E. A. Arliska, P. Anda, and E. S. Hasan, “Identifikasi Intrusi Air Laut Menggunakan Metode Vertical Electrical Sounding Di Kecamatan Sawa,†JGE, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 197–209, Nov. 2022.

D. Panjaitan, J. Tarigan, A. Rauf, and E. S. Nababan, “Determining sea water intrusion in shallow aquifer using Chloride Bicarbonate Ratio Method,†IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 205, p. 012029, Dec. 2018.

A. P. Aizebeokhai, “Geoelectrical Resistivity Imaging in Environmental Studies,†in Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Protection in the Developing World, E. K. Yanful, Ed., Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 297–305, 2009.

Y.-C. Hung, H. Wang, P.-L. Wu, H.-C. Liu, and C.-P. Lin, “3D Effect and countermeasure of 2D geoelectrical imaging of a subsurface linear structure,†Engineering Geology, vol. 338, p. 107603, Aug. 2024.

F. Stumm and M. Como, “Delineation of Salt Water Intrusion through Use of Electromagnetic-Induction Logging: A Case Study in Southern Manhattan Island, New York,†Water, vol. 9, no. 9, p. 631, Aug. 2017.

P.-S. Huang and Y.-C. Chiu, “A Simulation-Optimization Model for Seawater Intrusion Management at Pingtung Coastal Area, Taiwan,†Water, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 251, Feb. 2018.

S. Widada, A. Satriadi, and B. Rochaddi, “Kajian Potensi Air Tanah Berdasarkan Data Geolistrik Resistiviti Untuk Antisipasi Kekeringan Di Wilayah Pesisir Kangkung, Kabupaten Kendal, Privinsi Jawa Tengah,†J. Kel. Trop., vol. 20, no. 1, p. 35, Jul. 2017.

W. Rodi and R. L. Mackie, “Nonlinear conjugate gradients algorithm for 2-D magnetotelluric inversion,†GEOPHYSICS, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 174–187, Jan. 2001.

Z. Xu, B. X. Hu, and M. Ye, “Numerical modeling and sensitivity analysis of seawater intrusion in a dual-permeability coastal karst aquifer with conduit networks,†Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 221–239, Jan. 2018.

Author Biographies

Eko Minarto, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Analytica Data, Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

SCOPUS ID: 55906157400

Amanda Rizky Utami, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Analytica Data, Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Lina Handayani, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Analytica Data, Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Yayat Sudrajat, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Analytica Data, Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

How to Cite

Minarto, E., Utami, A. R., Handayani, L., & Sudrajat, Y. (2025). IDENTIFICATION OF SEAWATER INTRUSION DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS USING 2D ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY (ERT) DATA IN SEMARANG, INDONESIA. Indonesian Physical Review, 8(2), 519–529. https://doi.org/10.29303/ipr.v8i2.461

Similar Articles

1 2 3 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.